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Geotechnical Applications

• Lightweight
• Strong and durable
• Stable (high angle of repose)
• Chemically inert
• Free draining
• Consistent, controlled gradations
• Economical to transport and place

STALITE is a cost effective alternative to soil or heavyweight fills in geotechnical applications. Because of its lower weight, about 50% of normal weight fills, STALITE reduces lateral pressures so that more economical retaining walls can be utilized. Dramatic saving in transportation and placement costs can be achieved since trucks and other equipment can be safely filled to capacity without exceeding weight limits or increasing wear. STALITE’s high angle of repose provides very stable, long-lasting geotechnical fills, capable of supporting heavy, repetitive loads. The insulative qualities of STALITE make it a preferred material in applications where thermal sensitivity is a concern.

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Landscape & Plaza Fill		Bulkheads & Retaining Walls
	• Minimizes dad loads • Free draining helps minimize hydrostatic potential • More planters & levels can be added • Easy to transport & install		• Reduces soil thrust as well as bending moments • Reduces forces against abutment & end slope • Allows free drainage • Improves embankment stability
Stucture Repair & Rehabilitation		Landfill Drainage
	• Reduces deadload on existing structures • Easy transportation and installation • Precise gradations for uniform & controlled in-place density		• Inert; chemically stable • Reduces deadload on pipes • Allows free drainage of lechate & water • Acid insoluable
Fill Over Poor Soils & Marsh Lands		Waterfront Structures
	• Otherwise unusuable land can be reclaimed & developed • Design elevations are achieved with low fill weight • Controlled gradations assure consistent in-place density • Long-term settlement is controlled and reduced • Controlled fill allows uniform load distribution		• Otherwise unusuable land can be reclaimed & developed • Design elevations are achieved with low fill weight • Controlled gradations assure consistent in-place density • Long-term settlement is controlled and reduced • Controlled fill allows uniform load distribution
Insulating Backfill		Underground Conduit & Pipelines
	• Allows economical modification to marine terminals • Allows increased dockside draft • Reduces lateral thrust/bending moments • Allows free drainage and control of in-place density • Insulating Backfill (need imagine) • Substantially reduces ground movement-induced stress on pipes and structures • Counteracts frost heaving, resists freeze/thaw cycles, highly insulative • Inert, non-corrosive and stable		• Reduces deadloads on buried structures • Allows higher fill construction • Minimizes hydrostatic potential • Provides thermal insulation to underground facilities • Economic alternative to flowable fills

Advantages…

Design

• Cost Effective
• Water Insoluable
• Chemically Inert
• High Durability
• Increased Stability
• Free Draining
• Thermal Insulation
• Reduced Over Turning Forces
• High Internal Friction Angle (0) Up to 46
• Reduced Dead Loads
• Acid Insoluable
• High Strength
• Controlled Gradations
• Controlled Settlement
• Reduced Lateral Forces
• Environmentally Friendly

Placement

• No Special Job Site Equipment Needed
• Readily Available
• Easy to Handle and Install
• Can Be Placed in Any Weather
• No Waiting Between Placing Lifts
• Lower Transportation Costs
• Less Wear on Equipment
• Easily compacted

Applications

• Slop Stabilization
• Subgrade Stabilization and Improvement
• Gas Ventilation for Landfills
• Thermal Insulation
• Landscape & Plaza Fill
• Fill Over pipelines and Conduits
• Fill Over Poor Soils and Marshlands
• Fill Behind Bulkhead & retaining walls

Engineers Design Table STALITE Lightweight Aggregate Fill/Natural Granular Fill Range of Unit Weights for Dry & Submerged Conditions				Placing Method: A. General: Final compaction effort shall be determined in the field by the engineer. Place approximately uniform horizontal layers. Over-compaction should be avoided. Construction equipment, other than for compaction, shall not operate on the exposed lightweight fill. B. Use of Vibratory Roller: Horizontal layers should not exceed 12" loose thickness. Each layer shall be compacted using vibratory compaction equipment weighing no more than 12 tons static weight. The minimum recommended number of passes is two. Additional passes may be required and should be determined in the field by the engineer to insure stability of the layer. C. Use of Portable Vibratory Plate Compacting Machine: Horizontal layers should not exceed 6" compacted. The minimum recommended number of passes is two. Additional passes may be required and should be determined in the field by the engineer to insure stability of the layer. One pass requires vibration of the area covered by the plate for at least 10 seconds, before moving to the next adjacent location.
Aggregate	Inital Placement Method (a)	Dry Unit Weight Before Submergence (pcf)	*Estimated Unit Weight (pcf) After Long-Term Submergence (b)
STALITE Lightweight Aggregate	Loose Compacted	46.0 62.0	50.1 67.6
Natural Granular	Loose Compacted	121.1 128.3	122.3 129.6
Notes: In the table above, multiply by 0.157 to obtain kN/m³. (a) Loose indicates minimum dry unit weight from ASTM D-4254, and Compacted indicates maximum dry unit weight from the Standard Compaction Test, ASTM D-4253. (b) Surface dry weight after long-term absorption (STALITE =9%) *STALITE is a low absorption aggregate. Unit weight after long-term submersion is less than other lightweight aggregates.